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The term CCD is an acronym for "Charged Couple Device". A CCD chip is a thin piece of silicon in a wafer format. These wafers are sensitive to light in an interesting way. When light falls upon them, the "Photoelectric Effect" takes hold; electrons are knocked free from the crystalline structure of the silicon and deposited into small units or wells. There is one well per pixel. When the image is complete, the electrons are sent into a holding register where they are counted. The more electrons in a given register, the brighter that pixel will be. That is the simplified version.
Shutter speed is the amount of time the shutter allows light onto the CCD. The shutter speed is measured in seconds (or fractions of a second for most common pictures). The slower the shutter speed, the more motion is recorded by the camera. A tripod might be needed to use slower shutter speeds without blurring the picture.
The image stabilization is very important when choosing a camera with a high optical zoom factor (>4). Without this feature, most pictures taken while zooming in, or at longer exposure times, and holding the camera in your hand will be blurred. Note that almost all digital camcorders have image stabilization.