14500 Lithium PCB Battery 900mAh 3.7V (2 Pcs)

Specifications:

• Shell Material: Steel
• Rated Voltage: 3.7V
• Capacity: 900mAh
• Internal Resistance: <= 100 milli Ohm
• Low Voltage Cut Off: 2.75V
• Over Charge Voltage Cut Off: 4.2V
• Maximum Charge Current: 1.5C
• Maximum Discharge Current: 1.5C
• Diameter: 14.0 +/- 0.5mm
• Height: 51.5 +/- 0.5mm
• Environmental Temperature (Operating): 0~45'C
• Environmental Temperature (Charging): -20~60'C
• Dimensions: 50 x 15mm/2.0 x 0.6in(L x Dia.)

Features:

• The 3.7 lithium battery is disposable (primary) batteries that have lithium metal or lithium compounds as an anode
• Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from 1.5 V to about 3.7 V, over twice the voltage of an ordinary zinc-carbon battery or alkaline cell battery
• This lithium battery 3.7 v is widely used in products such as portable consumer electronic devices
• Ensure that you do not overcharge or over discharge these batteries
• Convenient to have spare rechargeable batteries on hand

Details:

• 14500 lithium battery is widely used in products such as portable consumer electronic devices

• Depend on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from 1.5 V to about 3.7 V, over twice the voltage of an ordinary zinc-carbon battery or alkaline cell battery

• 900mah battery is multi-functional which is designed for all 14500 batteries appliances

• This 3.7 lithium battery holds a charge longer than traditional batteries with the high quality material

• Protection circuits are attached to this 3.7 lithium battery to ensure that you do not overcharge or over discharge these batteriesThis 900mah lithium battery is with low power consumption

Size in Detail:

Applications:

• Lithium batteries find application in many long-life, critical devices, such as artificial pacemakers and other implantable electronic medical devices. These devices use specialized lithium-iodide batteries designed to last 15 or more years. But for other, less critical applications such as in toys, the lithium battery may actually outlast the device. In such cases, an expensive lithium battery may not be cost-effective.
• Lithium batteries can be used in place of ordinary alkaline cells in many devices, such as clocks and cameras. Although they are more costly, lithium cells will provide much longer life, thereby minimizing battery replacement. However, attention must be given to the higher voltage developed by the lithium cells before using them as a drop-in replacement in devices that normally use ordinary cells.
• Small lithium batteries are very commonly used in small, portable electronic devices, such as PDAs, watches, camcorders, digital cameras, thermometers, calculators, laptop BIOS, communication equipment and remote car locks. They are available in many shapes and sizes, with a common variety being the 3 volt "coin" type manganese variety, typically 20 mm in diameter and 1.6-4 mm thick. The heavy electrical demands of many of these devices make lithium batteries a particularly attractive option. In particular, lithium batteries can easily support the brief, heavy current demands of devices such as digital cameras, and they maintain a higher voltage for a longer period than alkaline cells.
• Some other lithium batteries use a platinum-iridium alloy instead of more usual compounds. These batteries are generally not preferred, as their cost is high and they tend to be fragile.

Safety issues and regulation:

• The computer industry's drive to increase battery capacity can test the limits of sensitive components such as the membrane separator, a polyethylene or polypropylene film that is only 20-25 µm thick. The energy density of lithium batteries has more than doubled since they were introduced in 1991. When the battery is made to contain more material, the separator can undergo stress.

Ingestion and choking hazard:

• Button cell batteries are attractive to small children and often ingested. In very small children, they are a choking hazard. Lithium coin batteries lodged in the esophagus should be removed immediately. Leakage, chemical burns and potential perforation can occur within hours of ingestion.

Rapid-discharge issues:

• Lithium batteries can provide extremely high currents and can discharge very rapidly when short-circuited. Although this is useful in applications where high currents are required, a too-rapid discharge of a lithium battery can result in overheating of the battery, rupture, and even explosion. Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries are particularly susceptible to this type of discharge. Consumer batteries usually incorporate overcurrent or thermal protection or vents in order to prevent explosion.

Air Travel:

• Because of the above risks, shipping and carriage of lithium batteries is restricted in some situations, particularly transport of lithium batteries by air.
• The United States Transportation Security Administration announced restrictions effective January 1, 2008 on lithium batteries in checked and carry-on luggage. The rules forbid lithium batteries not installed in a device from checked luggage and restrict them in carry-on luggage by total lithium content.
• Australia Post prohibited transport of lithium batteries in air mail during 2010.

Lithium batteries and methamphetamine labs:

• Unused lithium batteries provide a convenient source of lithium metal for use as a reducing agent in methamphetamine labs. Some jurisdictions have passed laws to restrict lithium battery sales or asked businesses to make voluntary restrictions in an attempt to help curb the creation of illegal meth labs. For example a newspaper article from January 2004 reports that Wal-Mart stores limit the sale of disposable lithium batteries to three packages in Missouri and four packages in other states. However, the heavy demand for lithium batteries for use in modern, current-hungry devices such as digital cameras conflicts with such restrictions. Via internet retailers, such restrictions can usually be bypassed with little effort.

The Advantages of Lithium-ion battery:

• Wide variety of shapes and sizes efficiently fitting the devices they power.
• Much lighter than other energy-equivalent secondary batteries.
• High open circuit voltage in comparison to aqueous batteries (such as lead acid, nickel-metal hydride and nickel-cadmium). This is beneficial because it increases the amount of power that can be transferred at a lower current.
• No memory effect.
• Self-discharge rate of approximately 5-10% per month, compared to over 30% per month in common nickel metal hydride batteries, approximately 1.25% per month for Low Self-Discharge NiMH batteries and 10% per month in nickel-cadmium batteries. According to one manufacturer, lithium-ion cells (and, accordingly, "dumb" lithium-ion batteries) do not have any self-discharge in the usual meaning of this word. What looks like a self-discharge in these batteries is a permanent loss of capacity (see Disadvantages). On the other hand, "smart" lithium-ion batteries do self-discharge, due to the drain of the built-in voltage monitoring circuit.

Disadvantages of Lithium-ion battery:

Shelf life:

• Charging forms deposits inside the electrolyte that inhibit ion transport. Over time, the cell's capacity diminishes. The increase in internal resistance reduces the cell's ability to deliver current. This problem is more pronounced in high-current applications. The decrease means that older batteries do not charge as much as new ones (charging time required decreases proportionally).
• High charge levels and elevated temperatures (whether from charging or ambient air) hasten capacity loss. Charging heat is caused by the carbon anode (typically replaced with lithium titanate which drastically reduces damage from charging, including expansion and other factors).
• A unit that is full most of the time at 25 °C (77 °F) irreversibly loses approximately 20% capacity per year. Poor ventilation may increase temperatures, further shortening battery life. Loss rates vary by temperature: 6% loss at 0 °C (32 °F), 20% at 25 °C (77 °F), and 35% at 40 °C (104 °F). When stored at 40%-60% charge level, the capacity loss is reduced to 2%, 4%, and 15%, respectively

Internal resistance:

• The internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries is high compared to other rechargeable chemistries such as nickel-metal hydride and nickel-cadmium. Internal resistance increases with both cycling and age. Rising internal resistance causes the voltage at the terminals to drop under load, which reduces the maximum current draw. Eventually increasing resistance means that the battery can no longer operate for an adequate period.
• To power larger devices, such as electric cars, connecting many small batteries in a parallel circuit is more efficient than connecting a single large battery.

Safety requirements:

• Li-ion batteries are not as durable as nickel metal hydride or nickel-cadmium designs,[citation needed] and can be dangerous if mistreated. They may suffer thermal runaway and cell rupture if overheated or overcharged. In extreme cases, these effects may be described as "explosive." Furthermore, overdischarge can irreversibly damage a battery. To reduce these risks, batteries generally contain a small circuit that shuts down when the battery moves outside the safe range of 3-4.2 V. When stored for long periods, however, the small current drawn by the protection circuitry itself may drain the battery; normal chargers are then ineffective. More sophisticated battery analyzers can recharge deeply discharged cells by slow-charging them to first reactivate the safety circuit and allow the battery to accept charge. Overdischarge can short-circuit the cell, in which case recharging can be unsafe.

Other safety features are required:

• shut-down separator (for overtemperature)
• tear-away tab (for internal pressure)
• vent (pressure relief)
• thermal interrupt (overcurrent/overcharging)
• These devices occupy useful space inside the cells, reduce their reliability[citation needed]; ,and irreversibly disable the cell when activated. They are required because the anode produces heat during use, while the cathode may produce oxygen. These devices and improved electrode designs reduce/eliminate the risk of fire or explosion.
• These safety features increase costs compared to nickel metal hydride batteries, which require only a hydrogen/oxygen recombination device (preventing damage due to mild overcharging) and a back-up pressure valve.
• Many types of lithium-ion cell cannot be charged safely below 0°C.

Package Included:

• 2 x TrustFire 14500 Lithium Batteries